Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality in the Free State (Harrismith, QwaQwa, Phuthaditjhaba). One of the earliest municipalities to experience fatal service delivery protests (2004). Sewage infrastructure has collapsed with 31 million litres/day of untreated sewage flowing into rivers feeding the Vaal Dam. None of the municipality's 7 sewage treatment plants are functioning as of 2024.
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