German engineering company that was part of the German Submarine Consortium providing 3 Type 209 submarines worth approximately R4.7 billion. In 2011, Ferrostaal executives were convicted in a Munich court for paying bribes in connection with submarine sales to Greece and Portugal — and the evidence revealed parallel bribery in the South African submarine deal. Ferrostaal paid EUR 149 million in fines. South African authorities did not pursue the South African angle of these findings.