Mutual bank founded in 1982 as Venda Building Society in the former homeland of Venda. Converted to a mutual bank in 1992 under the Mutual Banks Act. Served primarily rural Limpopo communities — burial societies, stokvels, and individual savers (~30,000 depositors). Placed under SARB curatorship 11 March 2018 due to liquidity crisis. R2.3B looted through fictitious credits, illegal municipal deposits, and bribery. Placed into final liquidation November 2020. As of mid-2025, only ~R730M (~one-third) recovered.