ANC Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform (2009-2018). Public Protector found he violated the Executive Ethics Code and Constitution in the R97M Bekendvlei Farm scandal, where he allocated a farm to close ANC associate Errol Velile Present and businessman Moses Boshomane — neither had farming experience. Deloitte forensic report recommended he be "charged with possible corruption". Present was later arrested for cash-in-transit heists. No criminal conviction resulted. Testified at Zondo Commission.